Juan de Padilla (c. 1550–1600) was a Spanish composer and music theorist of the Renaissance period, primarily recognized for his contributions to sacred music. His works are predominantly in the genre of polyphonic choral music, which was influential in the development of liturgical music during the late 16th century. Notable works by Padilla include his "Lamentations of Jeremiah," which exemplifies his mastery of text expression and intricate vocal arrangements. He is also known for his setting of the "Missa de la Virgen," which showcases his skill in combining traditional chant with innovative polyphonic textures. Padilla's impact on music lies in his ability to blend traditional Spanish liturgical styles with the emerging European Renaissance idioms, influencing future composers in the Spanish choral tradition. His work contributed to the rich tapestry of sacred music that characterized the period, serving as a bridge between the medieval and modern eras of musical composition. Although not as widely recognized today, his contributions were significant in shaping the development of choral music in Spain and beyond.